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Abstract Ewing sarcoma is the most common malignant bone tumor of the pelvis in children and young adults. Even with aggressive treatment, its survival rate is amongst the poorest. Classical presentation may not be the rule. It may simulate clinically, imagiologically and histopathologically other nonmalignant entities. Therefore, its suspicion should not be overlooked. We report two cases of pelvic Ewing sarcoma: the first mimicking eosinophilic granuloma, and the second mimicking osteomyelitis. In the latter, we also report an atypical finding of its natural history: an initial response to antibiotic and anti-inflammatory treatment. In both cases, we highlight the possibility of an inconclusive percutaneous bone biopsy and the importance of immunochemistry and cytogenetics for the definitive diagnosis.
Resumo O sarcoma de Ewing é o tumor ósseo maligno da pelve mais comum em crianças e adultos jovens. Mesmo com tratamento agressivo, sua taxa de sobrevivência está entre as piores. A apresentação clássica pode não ser a regra. Ele pode simular clinicamente, imaginologicamente e histopatologicamente outras entidades não malignas. Portanto, sua suspeita não deve ser negligenciada. Relatamos dois casos de sarcoma pélvico: o primeiro imitando granuloma eosinofílico e o segundo imitando osteomielite. Neste último, também relatamos um achado atípico de sua história natural: uma resposta inicial ao antibiótico e ao tratamento anti-inflamatório. Em ambos os casos, destacamos a possibilidade de uma biópsia óssea percutânea inconclusiva e a importância da imunoquímica e da citogenética para o diagnóstico definitivo.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Osteomyelitis , Pelvic Neoplasms , Sarcoma, Ewing , Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal , Kimura DiseaseABSTRACT
Background: Osteoarthritis (OA) is a significant contributor to chronic pain, mainly affecting lower extremity joints like the knee and hip, and causing considerable impairment in elderly individuals. OA treatment focuses on easing discomfort and enhancing mobility. Despite their adverse unfavorable effects, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medications (NSAIDs) are frequently used for symptom alleviation. However, there is still a need for secure and efficient alternative therapies that could provide OA patients with both symptomatic relief and disease-modifying benefits. Despite the indisputable fact that the disease has a substantial socioeconomic impact on patients, there is not much research available to reflect on the medicine prescription pattern in OA. Aim and Objectives: The objectives of this study were to assess the prescription pattern and their rationality in patients with OA in a tertiary care hospital. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional, prospective, and observational study conducted in the orthopedics department for all newly diagnosed and old treated patients with OA. Around 350 patients were taken into the study and their prescriptions were scrutinized. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the data and present it as percentages. Results: Over 61.7% of females were affected compared to 38.3% of males with OA. The knee joint (76.2%) followed by the hip joint (13.7%) were the most common joints involved. Aceclofenac and diclofenac were the most common NSAIDs used in the patients, whereas piroxicam was the least prescribed drug. Gastroprotective agents, calcium supplements, and SYSDOA were the commonest adjuvants used in the treatment of OA patients. Conclusions: Even though NSAIDs are favored, SYSDOA and non-pharmacological treatments such as lifestyle changes, and frequent mild exercise have changed the treatment plan for OA
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Buccal tablets
Diclofenac sodium
Drug release
Mucoadhesion
Mucoadhesive tablets
Release kinetics
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Objective:To explore the differences of resting-state spontaneous neural activity between migraine without aura (MwoA) patients with response or nonresponse to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), and its correlation with migraine-related features.Methods:From February 2021 to April 2022, thirty MwoA patients with response to NSAIDs, 30 MwoA patients with nonresponse to NSAIDs, and 30 healthy controls were recruited in the Affiliated Jiangning Hospital of Nanjing Medical University.All subjects were scanned with a 3.0 T resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging scanner.The percent amplitude of fluctuation (perAF) approach was used to calculate the differences of the resting state brain functional activities among the three groups (Bonferroni multiple comparison correction). SPSS 24.0 software and RESTplus software were used for statistical analysis.Analysis of variance was used for the perAF values of three groups.Correlation analysis was performed between perAF values of brain regions with significant differences and migraine-related features.Results:The brain areas showing significant differences of perAF among the three groups located in the left anterior cingulate cortex (ACC)( x, y, z = -6, 9, -3), left middle frontal gyrus (MFG)( x, y, z =-39, 48, 9) and left middle temporal gyrus (MTG)( x, y, z = -57, -30, -15)(all P<0.05, Bonferroni correction). Compared with nonresponse group, the perAF in response group showed significant decreased in the left ACC, MFG and MTG.There was positive correlation between the perAF of left ACC and disease duration ( r=0.506, P=0.007). Compared with healthy controls, the perAF of nonresponse group showed increased in the left ACC, which was negatively correlated with frequency ( r=-0.414, P=0.032). Conclusion:The neural activity of prefrontal cortex and ACC may be the neuropathological basis underlying response to NSAIDs in MwoA treatment.Moreover, the ACC has certain correlations with migraine-related characteristics, which may serve as a potential neuroimaging biomarker to evaluate the efficacy of NSAIDs.
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OBJECTIVE To evaluate the efficacy， safety and cost-effectiveness of polyisobutylene （PIB）-type Gutong plaster （called “PIB Gutong plaster” for short） versus non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs （NSAIDs） in the treatment of osteoarthritis in Chinese adults. METHODS Based on a real-world study， after propensity score matching， the decrease in pain visual simulation score， utility increase， time to pain resolution， time to return to normal range of motion and total adverse events of PIB Gutong plaster versus three NSAIDs （celecoxib， diclofenac sodium， and ibuprofen） were evaluated. Cost-utility analysis was used to calculate the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio （ICER） of patients using PIB Gutong plaster versus the three NSAIDs from the perspective of the whole society， and sensitivity analysis was carried out. RESULTS In terms of effectiveness， the recovery time of joint activity in PIB Gutong plaster group was significantly longer than that in celecoxib group， the decrease in VAS score of PIB Gutong plaster was significantly higher than that of ibuprofen but significantly lower than that of diclofenac sodium； the time of pain disappearance was longer than that in diclofenac sodium group and ibuprofen group， and the increase in health utility was significantly lower than that in diclofenac sodium group （P＜0.05）. In terms of safety， there were no significant differences in the incidence and severity of adverse events of PIB Gutong plaster， compared with the three NSAIDs， without statistical significance （P＜0.05）. In terms of cost-effectiveness， compared with celecoxib and diclofenac sodium， PIB Gutong plaster was dominant. Compared with ibuprofen， the ICER value of PIB Gutong plaster was 178 611.58 yuan/QALY， indicating that at the current price， PIB Gutong plaster was cost-effective if the threshold was 3 times GDP per capita. The results of sensitivity analysis were consistent with those of basic analysis. CONCLUSIONS The efficacy of PIB Gutong plaster was better than that of ibuprofen， similar to that of celecoxib， but worse than that of diclofenac sodium， the safety was consistent with the three NSAIDs， and the cost-effectiveness of PIB Gutong plaster needs to be improved.
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ABSTRACT We assessed the effects of anti-inflammatory treatment after selective laser trabeculoplasty through a systematic search of the MEDLINE, COCHRANE, and ClinicalTrials.gov. The outcome measures were intraocular pressure, anterior chamber inflammation, and discomfort. Evidence synthesis was performed using fixed effects or random-effects model according to the heterogeneity of the included studies. Heterogeneity was assessed using Q-statistic and I2. For an overall estimate of continuous outcomes, the mean differences and their 95% confidence intervals were applied, while odds ratios and their 95% confidence intervals were applied for dichotomous outcomes. Six studies were included in all. No significant difference was noted in the patients for intraocular pressure and discomfort when treated with anti-inflammatory drops. However, the patients showed benefit from reduced anterior chamber inflammation in the first postoperative week [FE OR=0.43, 95% CI=(0.19, 0.95), PQ=0.97, I2=0%], with no significant difference between the outcomes of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and steroids [FE OR=0.75, 95% CI=(0.20, 2.82), PQ=0.37, I2=0%]. Anti-inflammatory drops reduce anterior chamber inflammation after selective laser trabeculoplasty but showed no effect on the intraocular pressure.
RESUMO O objetivo deste estudo é avaliar os efeitos do tratamento anti-inflamatório após a trabeculoplastia seletiva a laser. Uma busca sistemática foi feita no MEDLINE, COCHRANE e ClinicalTrials.gov. As medidas de resultado foram pressão intraocular, inflamação da câmara anterior e desconforto. A síntese de evidência foi realizada utilizando-se modelo de efeitos fixos ou efeitos aleatórios, de acordo com a heterogeneidade dos estudos incluídos. A heterogeneidade foi avaliada utilizando-se Q-statistic e I². Para uma estimativa global dos resultados contínuos, foram usadas diferenças médias e seus intervalos de confiança de 95% enquanto para resultados dicótomos, usou-se odds ratios e seus intervalos de confiança de 95%. Seis estudos foram incluídos. Nenhuma diferença significativa foi encontrada em pacientes tratados com gotas anti-inflamatórias em termos de pressão intraocular e desconforto. No entanto, eles se beneficiaram da redução da inflamação da câmara anterior na primeira semana pós-operatória [FE OR=0,43, IC 95% = (0,19, 0,95), PQ=0,97, I2=0%], sem diferença significativa entre anti-inflamatórios não esteroidais e esteroidais [FE OR=0,75, IC 95% = (0,20, 2,82), PQ=0,37, I2=0%]. Gotas anti-inflamatórias reduzem a inflamação da câmara anterior após trabeculoplastia seletiva a laser, não afetando a pressão intraocular.
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Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) can be defined as a rare, serious disorder of the skin and mucous membrane characterized by widespread vesiculobullous rash with epidermal sloughing and necrosis involving mainly eyes, oral cavity, and skin. SJS can be diagnosed if there is <10% of the skin involvement. SJS occurs as an idiosyncratic reaction to various medications. Among them, the most common are antimicrobial agents (AMAs), antiepileptics, and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). SJS is one of the dermatological emergencies for which initial treatment can only be supportive like fluids and nasogastric or parenteral feeding and symptomatic measures like analgesic mouth rinse for mouth ulcer. Beyond this, no treatment for SJS is approved. Cases of drug-induced SJS as diagnosed by Skin and VD department were included in the study. Interpretations were drawn out from that data and causality assessment was done according to the WHO-UMC causality assessment. Total four cases of drug-induced SJS were available. two cases of male patients and two of female patients. Out of them, three cases were by NSAIDs induced and one case was anti-epileptic (phenytoin) induced. In the present study, it was found that three of the cases of drug-induced SJS were caused NSAIDs and one case by anti-epileptic. According to the WHO-UMC Causality assessment, three cases were probable and one was unclassified.
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Los antiinflamatorios no esteroideos (AINE) son un grupo de fármacos que han sido comúnmente prescritos por sus propiedades antiinflamato- rias, antipiréticas y analgésicas, mismas que se deben a la inhibición de la formación de prostaglandinas. Este mecanismo ha sido ampliamente respaldado en la literatura; sin embargo, en la actualidad poco se co- noce sobre las propiedades adicionales de estos medicamentos como el efecto antirresortivo y antimicrobiano. La función antirresortiva se debe principalmente al bloqueo de la producción de prostaglandinas en específico la PGE2, que posee gran potencial osteoclastogénico, esencial para la aparición de lesiones periapicales; asimismo, la acción antimicrobiana de los AINE está relacionada con la afectación directa de la perpetuación de biopelícula, potencian la acción de los antibióticos, entre otros. Dichos efectos combinados podrían contribuir en la cura- ción de lesiones periapicales. El objetivo de este estudio es recopilar información actualizada sobre estas funciones agregadas de los AINE, con el fin de dar a conocer a los profesionales estos beneficios en la terapéutica de las lesiones periapicales (AU)
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory (NSAIDs) are a group of drugs that have been commonly prescribed for their anti-inflammatory, antipyretic and analgesic properties, which are due to the inhibition of prostaglandin formation. This mechanism has been widely supported in the literature; however, currently little is known about the additional properties of these drugs such as the antiresorptive and antimicrobial effect. The antiresorptive function is mainly due to the blockage of prostaglandin production, specifically PGE2, which has great osteoclastogenic potential, and is essential for the appearance of periapical lesions; likewise, the antimicrobial action of NSAIDs is related to the fact that they directly affect the perpetuation of biofilms, enhance the action of antibiotics, among others. These combined effects could contribute to the healing of periapical lesions. The aim of this study is to gather updated information on these added functions of NSAIDs, in order to inform professionals about these benefits in the therapy of periapical lesion (AU)
Subject(s)
Periapical Diseases/drug therapy , Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal , Bacterial Infections/drug therapy , Tooth Resorption/drug therapyABSTRACT
Purpose: To compare the efficacy of topical nonsteroidal anti?inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and prednisolone acetate in controlling inflammation and preventing cystoid macular edema (CME) after uneventful phacoemulsification. Methods: All patients who underwent uneventful phacoemulsification from December 2020 to Feb 2021 were included in the study. These were randomly assigned to receive any one anti?inflammatory agent among topical nepafenac (0.1%) [96 eyes], bromfenac (0.07%) [93 eyes], preservative?free ketorolac (0.4%) [94 eyes], nepafenac (0.3%) [96 eyes], or prednisolone acetate (1%) [91 eyes]. The efficacy of the drugs was evaluated by comparing the grade of anterior chamber (AC) cells, conjunctival hyperemia, pain score, visual acuity, intraocular pressure (IOP), and central macular thickness (CMT) at 1 and 6 weeks after surgery. Results: At 1 and 6 weeks, there was no significant difference in pain score, conjunctival hyperemia, AC cells, change in IOP, and visual acuity between the prednisolone and the NSAIDs groups, though nepafenac 0.3% was most effective. At 6 weeks, there was no significant difference in the number of patients developing subclinical CME in the prednisolone versus NSAID group. The mean increase in CMT was significantly lower in nepafenac 0.3% than prednisolone at 1 and 6 weeks (P = 0.003 and 0.004, respectively). Conclusion: NSAIDs used in isolation are comparable to prednisolone in preventing inflammation and pain after uneventful phacoemulsification. However, nepafenac 0.3% is most comparable to prednisolone and more efficacious in reducing the incidence of CME. We recommend that nepafenac 0.3% can be used as a sole anti?inflammatory agent in patients with uneventful phacoemulsification.
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Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a retinal microvascular disease associated with diabetes which is the primary cause of impaired vision in working age population. Inflammatory reaction and inflammatory factors such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin (IL)-1β play an important role in the occurrence and development of DR, and to target at which anti-inflammatory treatments such as glucocorticoids and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs were used, but with disputes on therapeutic effect and drug selection. This review aims to clarify the research on mechanism of inflammatory reaction in DR, summarize the application status of existing anti-inflammatory therapy, and provide some new ideas for the research and clinical application of the treatment of DR.
ABSTRACT
Abstract Two sensitive and selective methods were developed for the simultaneous determination of four commonly used non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), namely; paracetamol (PCM), diclofenac sodium (DCF), ibuprofen (IBP), and indomethacin (IND) in wastewater effluents. The first method used HPLC for the determination of the studied drugs using a mobile phase consisting of phosphate buffer (pH 3.0) and acetonitrile at a flow rate of 1 mL/min. in gradient elution mode and detection at 220 nm. The separation process was performed on BDS Hypersil Cyano column (250 x 4.6 mm, 5 µm). The second method was a TLC-densitometric one which was performed using n-Hexane: ethyl acetate: acetic acid in the ratio (6:3.5:0.5) as a developing system. The proposed chromatographic methods were successfully applied for the selective determination of the four studied drugs in simulated and real pharmaceutical wastewater samples after their solid-phase extraction
Subject(s)
Industrial Effluents , Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/analysis , Drug Industry/classification , Wastewater/parasitology , Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid/methods , Acetates/adverse effectsABSTRACT
El síndrome de intolerancia a múltiples medicamentos (MDIS, por sus siglas en inglés) se caracteriza por la intolerancia a dos o más medicamentos no relacionados. Tiene una prevalencia baja y es común en pacientes con polifarmacia. A pesar de que las reacciones adversas a los medicamentos son muy frecuentes, es raro que los pacientes debuten con este síndrome, el cual tiene implicaciones clínicas de leves a graves que afectan su vida; de acuerdo con esto varían el abordaje y su manejo. La sintomatología presentada varía desde síntomas gastrointestinales como reflujo gastroesofágico, dolores musculares y cefalea, hasta síntomas cutáneos; estos son los más frecuentes, tales como urticaria y erupciones maculopapulares o presentaciones menos comunes como el síndrome de Stevens-Johnson. El MDIS es causado por una amplia variedad de fármacos; por ello el conocimiento del síndrome, así como un adecuado interrogatorio de los antecedentes del paciente, es necesario para realizar un diagnóstico oportuno e instaurar un manejo adecuado y preventivo, evitando reacciones adversas que pongan en riesgo su vida. Con los hallazgos del cuadro clínico en la paciente, y basados en los antecedentes alérgicos presentados anteriormente a diferentes medicamentos no relacionados entre ellos, más la presentación de un rash maculopapular generalizado posterior a la administración de trimetoprim/sulfametoxazol se realiza el diagnóstico de MDIS. Se decide cambiar de medicamento por fosfomicina, con una consecuente evolución favorable. (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Drug Eruptions/diagnosis , Drug Hypersensitivity Syndrome/diagnosis , Drug Hypersensitivity Syndrome/physiopathology , Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination/adverse effects , Loratadine/administration & dosage , Polypharmacy , Fosfomycin/administration & dosageABSTRACT
A erupção pigmentar fixa (EPF) é uma reação cutânea adversa a drogas relativamente comum, envolvendo cerca de 10% de todas as reações de hipersensibilidade a medicamentos (RHM). Envolve uma reação imunológica não imediata, mediada por células T CD8+ sensibilizadas, relacionada ao mecanismo do tipo IVc na classificação de Gell e Coombs. Um dos grupos mais frequentemente implicados nesse tipo de reação é o dos antiinflamatórios. Relatamos o caso de um homem que, 24 horas após iniciar tratamento com nimesulida para lombalgia, apresentou um quadro de lesões cutâneas tipo máculas eritemato-violáceas bem delimitadas e disseminadas pelo corpo. A nimesulida é um fármaco anti-inflamatório não esteroidal (AINE) pertencente à classe das sulfonanilidas, que atua como inibidor seletivo da enzima da síntese de prostaglandina, a ciclo-oxigenase, inibindo preferencialmente a COX-2. O diagnóstico foi comprovado pela realização do teste de contato, também conhecido como patch test, que traduziu positividade na segunda leitura realizada após 72 horas da sua colocação.
Fixed pigmented erythema (FPE) is a relatively common adverse drug reaction, consisting of approximately 10% of all drug hypersensitivity reactions. It involves a non-immediate immune reaction mediated by sensitized CD8+ T cells and related to the type IVc mechanism in the Gell-Coombs classification. One of the groups most frequently involved in this type of reaction is that of anti-inflammatory drugs. We report the case of a man who, 24 hours after starting treatment with nimesulide for low back pain, presented with well-defined cutaneous lesions consisting of erythematous-violaceous macules and spread throughout the body. Nimesulide is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) belonging to the sulfonanilide class that acts as a selective inhibitor of the prostaglandin synthesis enzyme, cyclooxygenase (COX), preferentially inhibiting COX-2. The diagnosis was confirmed by a patch test, which translated positively in the second reading performed 72 hours after its placement.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal , Drug Hypersensitivity , Erythema , Therapeutics , Patch Tests , Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases , Low Back Pain , Diagnosis , Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse ReactionsABSTRACT
Introducción: El dolor asociado a las alteraciones del sistema musculoesquelético debe ser tratado frecuentemente por los especialistas en Ortopedia. Los analgésicos no opioides se ubican dentro de los fármacos que más se prescriben en este Servicio, aunque no siempre de modo adecuado, según los principios de la prescripción racional. Objetivo: Caracterizar el uso de analgésicos no opioides en el servicio de Ortopedia del Hospital Dr. Salvador Allende. Material y Métodos: Estudio descriptivo de utilización de medicamentos del tipo prescripción-indicación y esquema terapéutico. Se revisaron las historias clínicas de 70 pacientes ingresados en el Servicio de Ortopedia del Hospital Dr. Salvador Allende, durante el período comprendido desde septiembre de 2018 hasta enero de 2019. Resultados: Predominó el sexo femenino y la media de edad de 71,3 años en los pacientes estudiados con una desviación estándar de 22.2 años. Los analgésicos más prescritos fueron dipirona, diclofenaco y paracetamol, en indicaciones aprobadas donde destacaron las fracturas, la celulitis y la seudoartrosis. En la totalidad de los casos, las dosis empleadas fueron adecuadas, no así los intervalos de administración ni la duración del tratamiento. Conclusiones: Es alentador el predominio de la prescripción de analgésicos no opioides con buena relación beneficio-riesgo. No obstante, la presencia de prescripciones irracionales en cuanto a intervalos de administración y duración del tratamiento, indica un déficit en la práctica de la terapéutica analgésica que no debe ser ignorado(AU)
Introduction: The pain associated with alterations of the musculoskeletal system should be frequently treated by the specialist in Orthopedics. Non-opioid analgesics are the most prescribed drugs in this medical service although they are not always used appropriately according to the principles of national prescription. Objective: To characterize the use of non-opioid analgesics in the orthopedics service of the Dr. Salvador Allende Hospital. Material and Methods: A descriptive study of the use of prescription-indication medications and therapeutic scheme was conducted. Medical records of 70 patients admitted to the orthopedics service of the Dr. Salvador Allende Hospital during the period between September 2018 and January 2019 were reviewed. Results: The female sex and a mean age of 71.3 years with standard deviation of 22,2 years predominated in the study. The most frequently used analgesics, which were indicated in the treatment of fractures, cellulitis and pseudarthrosis, were dipyrone, diclofenac and paracetamol. In all cases, the doses used were adequate, but not the administration intervals or the duration of treatment. Conclusions: The predominance of the prescription of non-opioid analgesics with a good benefit-risk ratio is encouraging. However, the presence of irrational prescriptions regarding administration intervals and duration of treatment indicates a deficit in analgesic therapy that should not be ignored(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Cellulitis/drug therapy , Analgesics, Non-Narcotic/therapeutic use , Fractures, Bone , Duration of Therapy , DosageABSTRACT
Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of therapeutic massage (tuina) for treating knee osteoarthritis (KOA). Methods: Six English and Chinese databases, including Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang Academic Journal Full-text Database (Wanfang), Chongqing VIP Database (CQVIP), China Biology Medicine Disc (CBM), Cochrane Library and PubMed databases, were independently searched to identify appropriate randomized controlled trials (RCTs) studying therapeutic massage for KOA compared to oral non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) alone. The main outcome measures were total effectiveness and the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities osteoarthritis index (WOMAC) score. Results: A total of 8 RCTs were included and they were of average quality. The results showed that therapeutic massage was more effective than NSAIDs comparing total effectiveness [risk ratio (RR)=1.14, 95％ confidence interval (CI) (1.07, 1.21), P<0.0001]; compared with NSAIDs, therapeutic massage produced more significant improvements in pain [mean difference (MD)=-2.06, 95％CI (-2.75, -1.36), P<0.00001], stiffness intensity [MD=-0.90, 95％CI (-1.05, -0.75), P<0.00001] and joint function [MD=-12.48, 95％CI (-13.91, -11.05), P<0.00001]. Conclusion: Therapeutic massage was more effective than oral NSAIDs in treating KOA. In relieving pain and stiffness and improving the function of knee joint, therapeutic massage was superior to NSAIDs.
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Objective To systematically evaluate the efficacy and safety of different non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in middle-aged and old Chinese patients with osteoarthritis(OA). Methods A systematic literature search was conducted through PubMed, Cochrane Library, CNKI, Wan Fang Data and VIP databases to collect randomized controlled trials with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in middle-aged to old Chinese OA patients. The search time was from the establishment of the database to November 17, 2020. Two researchers independently carried out literature screening, data extraction and literature quality evaluation. Bayesian network meta-analysis was conducted with R3.6.0 software. Results 28 RCTs were included with 2531 patients. Based on the last follow-up pain visual analogue scale (VAS) score, the ranking chart showed that Etoricoxib had the highest probability of having the lowest pain VAS score (88.55%). In terms of total effective rate, the ranking chart showed that the probability of Etoricoxib as first choice was the highest (92.49%). As far as safety, diclofenac sodium patch had the lowest adverse effects rate (59.10%). Conclusion The results of this study indicated that Etoricoxib was the most effective treatment for middle-aged and old Chinese OA patients. It can significantly reduce the OA pain. Diclofenac sodium patch had the least adverse effects.
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RESUMEN En abril de 2016, el Instituto Nacional de Servicios Sociales para Jubilados y Pensionados excluyó del subsidio social la cobertura al 100% de 159 fármacos, entre ellos, los antiartrósicos sintomáticos de acción lenta o symptomatic slow-acting drugs for osteoarthritis (SySADOA), por insuficiente evidencia de beneficio clínico significativo. Evaluamos el efecto de esta medida sobre la utilización de SySADOA y de los antiinflamatorios no esteroides (AINE), no afectados por la medida. Se compararon las dispensas ambulatorias de los SySADOA y los AINE de 2015 a 2017, midiendo unidades dispensadas, precio de venta al público y gasto de bolsillo del beneficiario para cada mes. Luego de la medida, descendieron un 61,6% los envases de SySADOA dispensados y un 63,4% el monto total del precio de venta al público, medido en valores constantes. La dispensa no se reorientó hacia los AINE, que descendieron un 6,1%. Disminuyó tanto la incidencia de nuevos tratamientos (de 6,4 a 3,3 tratamientos por 1.000 beneficiarios por mes) como su continuidad. El gasto de bolsillo de los beneficiarios en SySADOA aumentó un 75,8% (a valores constantes). La desinversión en intervenciones de valor terapéutico cuestionable es una herramienta valiosa para la sustentabilidad de los sistemas de salud.
ABSTRACT In April 2016, the National Institute of Social Services for Retirees and Pensioners discontinued its policy of 100% coverage for 159 drugs (the "social subsidy"), including symptomatic slow-acting drugs for osteoarthritis (SYSADOAs), due to insufficient evidence of significant clinical benefit. We evaluated the effect of this measure on the use of SYSADOAs as well as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), which were unaffected by this policy change. We compared outpatient dispensations of SYSADOAs and NSAIDs from 2015 to 2017, measuring dispensed units, retail price, and out-of-pocket expenses for beneficiaries each month. After the change in coverage, there was a 61.6% total decrease in SYSADOA units dispensed, and a 63.4% decrease in the final sales price to the public, measured in constant values. Dispensation was not reoriented towards NSAIDs, which fell by 6.1%. The incidence of new treatments decreased (from 6.4 to 3.3 treatments per 1,000 beneficiaries per month), as did their continuity. Beneficiaries' out-of-pocket spending on SYSADOAs increased by 75.8% (at constant values). Disinvestment in interventions with questionable therapeutic value is an important tool in working toward the sustainability of health systems.
Subject(s)
Humans , Osteoarthritis/drug therapy , Pharmaceutical Preparations , Argentina , Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/therapeutic use , Glucosamine/therapeutic useABSTRACT
Introducción: El paracetamol es uno de los antiinflamatorios no esteroideos con efecto analgésico y antipirético más utilizados a nivel mundial. Pocos estudios se enfocan en esclarecer los mecanismos de acción a nivel cardiovascular. Objetivos: Evaluar la acción del paracetamol sobre la fuerza de contracción de anillos de aorta torácica y sobre la actividad eléctrica y contráctil de corazones aislados y perfundidos de ratas Wistar. Métodos: Se midieron los efectos del paracetamol sobre anillos de aorta de rata denudados de su endotelio vascular. Se estudiaron las acciones del fármaco sobre los corazones aislados y perfundidos de las ratas por el método de Langendorff. Se evaluó la amplitud de la fuerza de contracción cardiaca y los intervalos QT, QTc, QRS y RR del electrocardiograma. Las condiciones (control y presencia de paracetamol) fueron comparadas con una prueba t de Student para muestras pareadas (p < 0,05), previa comprobación de la normalidad de los datos. Resultados: El paracetamol no tuvo efectos sobre el músculo liso vascular de los anillos aórticos ni sobre los intervalos QT, QTc, QRS y RR del electrocardiograma bajo ninguna de las concentraciones empleadas. Por otra parte, mostró efecto inotrópico negativo estadísticamente significativo en los corazones aislados, de forma dependiente de la concentración del fármaco. La IC50 estimada para la inhibición de la fuerza de contracción cardiaca fue de 17,15 ± 5,33 µmol/L. Conclusiones: Las acciones cardiovasculares directas del paracetamol son modestas, lo cual contribuye al buen margen de seguridad para su uso en clínica, en pacientes sin enfermedad cardiovascular(AU)
Introduction: Paracetamol is among the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic drugs most commonly used worldwide. Few studies have focused on clarifying its mechanisms of action on a cardiovascular level. Objectives: Evaluate the action of paracetamol on the force of contraction of thoracic aortic rings and on the electrical and contractile activity of isolated perfused Wistar rat hearts. Methods: Measurements were taken of the effects of paracetamol on rat aortic rings denuded of their vascular endothelium. Analysis was performed of the actions of the drug on the isolated perfused rat hearts using the Langendorff method. Evaluation was conducted of the amplitude of the force of cardiac contraction and of intervals QT, QTc, QRS and RR of the electrocardiogram. The conditions (control and presence of paracetamol) were compared with a paired samples Student's t-test (p < 0.05) upon verification of the normality of the data. Results: Paracetamol had no effects on the vascular smooth muscle of aortic rings or on intervals QT, QTc, QRS and RR of the electrocardiogram at none of the concentrations used. On the other hand, it displayed a statistically significant negative inotropic effect on the isolated hearts dependent on drug concentration. The IC50 estimated for inhibition of the force of cardiac contraction was 17.15 ± 5.33 µmol/L. Conclusions: The direct cardiovascular actions of paracetamol are modest, which contributes to a good safety margin for its clinical use in patients without cardiovascular disease(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Cardiovascular Diseases/prevention & control , Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal , Heart , Acetaminophen/analysisABSTRACT
Abstract The objective of this study was to describe dental prescriptions of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID), opioids, and analgesics dispensed by the Brazilian National Health System (BNHS, SUS in Portuguese) of a Southeastern state from January to December 2017, and to analyze their association with socioeconomic and oral health care services' characteristics at municipal level. Data were collected from the Brazilian Integrated Pharmaceutical Care Management System. Medicines were grouped according to the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification System. The total number of Defined Daily Doses (DDD) and DDD per 1,000 inhabitants (inhab.) per year were presented and compared between groups of municipalities. Data analysis used the Classification and Regression Tree model performed with IBM SPSS 25.0. The total number of NSAID, opioids, and analgesics prescriptions was 70,747 and accounted for 354,221.13 DDD. The most frequently prescribed medicine was ibuprofen (n = 24,676; 34.88%). The number of dental practitioners in the BNHS per 1,000 inhab. (p < 0.001), first dental appointment coverage (p = 0.010), oral health teams per 1,000 inhab. (p=0.022), and the proportion of rural population (p = 0.014) were variables positively associated with the number of DDD of NSAID per 1,000 inhab. per year. Bolsa Família program coverage per 1,000 inhab. (p = 0.022) was negatively associated with NSAID prescription. Regarding analgesics, first dental appointment coverage (p=0.002) and Bolsa Família program coverage per 1,000 inhab. (p = 0.012) were positively associated with DDD per 1,000 inhab. per year. In conclusion, dental prescriptions of analgesics and NSAID in the BNHS were associated with socioeconomic and oral health care services' characteristics.
Subject(s)
Humans , Drug Prescriptions , Dentists , Brazil , Pharmaceutical Preparations , Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/therapeutic use , Cities , Professional Role , Analgesics/therapeutic use , Analgesics, Opioid/therapeutic useABSTRACT
Objective:To investigate the predicting effect of the disrupted functional connectivity of the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) on the efficacy of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in patients with migraineurs without aura (MwoA).Methods:From January 2019 to January 2021, seventy patients with migraine and thirty-three healthy people in the same period were selected.The functional connectivity analysis based on the ACC was used in MwoA patients with NSAIDS-effective ( n=35), MwoA patients with NSAIDS-ineffective ( n=35), and healthy controls (HCs) ( n=33). The abnormal resting-state functional connectivity patterns among the three groups were analyzed to reveal potential correlations with clinical characteristics in migraine. Then the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to analyze the predictive ability of the abnormal ACC functional connectivity on the efficacy of NSAIDs in patients with MwoA. Results:(1)Compared with the MwoA patients with NSAIDs-ineffective, the MwoA patients with NSAIDs-effective showed higher functional connectivity between bilateral ACC and left middle cingulate cortex (MCC) (MNI: x, y, z=0, -24, 48, cluster=14, t=3.380) and postcentral gyrus (PoCG)( MNI: x, y, z=-21, -45, 69, cluster=12, t=3.016) (all P<0.005, Bonferroni correction). Compared with the HCs, patients with MwoA showed increased functional connectivity between left ACC and ipsilateral inferior parietal lobule, middle frontal gyrus (MFG) and angular gyrus (AG), and between right ACC and right precuneus, bilateral MFG and left AG (all P<0.005, Bonferroni correction). (2)There was a positive correlation between the functional connectivity of right ACC to right precuneus and MIDAS scores ( r=0.375, P=0.035) in MwoA patients with NSAIDs-effective. In MwoA patients with NSAIDs-ineffective, there were also significant correlations between the functional connectivity of left ACC to ipsilateral AG and MFG and headache onset duration ( r=0.357, P=0.045) and disease duration ( r=-0.367, P=0.039). (3)ROC curve analysis showed that the area under the curve (AUC) for the functional connectivity between the right ACC and left MCC and between the left ACC and left PoCG to predict the efficacy of NSAIDs were 0.728 and 0.736, respectively. Conclusions:Resting-state functional connectivity of the ACC is involved in the evaluation and prediction for analgesic efficacy of NSAIDs in migraine patients, which provides neuroimaging evidence for further investigations on the neurophysiological mechanism of migraine and assistance in clinical individualized precise treatment.